Shen is the third female provincial-level party chief since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 after Wan Shaofen and current Vice Premier Sun Chunlan.
Shen was born in Zhijin County, Guizhou. Shen belonged to a group of sent-down youth in the latter years of the Cultural Revolution. After the Cultural Revolution ended, she began studying history at Guizhou University. After graduating, she was sent to work for the provincial party school in Guizhou as a lecturer. She later became a human resources manager there. In 1998, she became vice president of the Guizhou party school. In 1999 she became Vice Chair of the Guizhou Social Sciences Academic Association.
In December 2001, Shen became deputy party chief of Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, then deputy party chief and head commissioner (mayor) of Tongren. In April 2007, Shen became a member of the provincial Party Standing Committee of Guizhou and head of the provincial party propaganda department. In May 2012, she was named Executive Vice Governor of Guizhou. In April 2015 she became Deputy Party Secretary of Guizhou and Secretary of Political and Legal Affairs Commission (Zhengfawei) of Guizhou. At the time of her appointment to the deputy party chief position, she became the second sitting female zhuanzhi deputy party secretary in the country, and the only female provincial Zhengfawei chief in the country.

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